ABSTRACT
On the basis of our thesis stands the importance of the role of curricular projects and the creative didactic work of educators in educational institutions, for the fusion of the fields of standards with the approach based on the competencies of the subject. The Curriculum Framework of Preschool Education in Albania has the status of a political document, with national force. It is in full resonance with the curriculum in public education. The paper is conceived, referring to the basic dimensions of the health growth and education of the children in the age group 3-6 years. Our paper aims through language games in interdisciplinary projects at preschool age children to address the key competencies of the curriculum, fusing the standards of the field of health and nutrition with the competence of thinking and speaking. More precisely, this research treats the interaction of two standards in fields such as: health and food where as a study reference we have honey as a food product of particular importance especially during the pandemic period, as well as the language development, thinking and speech. Based on the curriculum, an informative lecture specified for this value-added organic food product especially during the Covid 19 period was developed alternating with their perceptions towards this product. Our study is extended to 10 schools and 20 kindergartens of public education in the city of Tirana. We collected data from children and educators, with a sample of 500 children and 30 educators participating in the study, where 65% of educators combined language components in the implementation of the interdisciplinary project in preschool education classes, for knowledge of honey through language games. The methodological approach of this paper is based on observation, research, surveys, structured online questionnaires and lectures addressed to educators and children aged 3-6 years to improve knowledge about honey through language games. When structuring methodology, we have relied on the Ministry of Education and Sports literature, in the curriculum and the Strategy of pre-university education, on the draft of organic standards for Honey in Albania but also on many years of personal experiences in the field of education and food sciences. The analysis of the results is performed both in quantitative and qualitative terms. Statistical analysis of data was performed with programs Statistics 7 and Excel. The results showed that the perception of educators and children regarding the knowledge of the organic product (honey) is very optimal, where 100% of them showed that they knew it as a food product, but 55% of them did not have complete information on how to use it, time of use, quantity or perception of its quality. About 60% of the educators did not combine the field of nutrition with the competence of thinking and speaking but formal education added the attributes of these educators to fuse these fields using didactic and linguistic innovations. 41.7% of teachers use the roles of teacher and student during the structuring of the lesson, but in the conditions of the pandemic it became very difficult to realize the diary with competencies because the distance learning made it impossible for them to find the correct activity to adapt with competence. The effect of formal education on the perceptions of educators and children about honey as an organic product with added value especially nowadays, influenced the formation of their clear concepts about the attributes treated for food safety of honey. We suggest University auditors to train capable teachers to implement a new curriculum. © 2023, Consulting and Training Center - KEY. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Context: The COVID-19 pandemic had consequences such as fear and anxiety in humans. Aims: The present study aimed to adapt the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S) into Persian and test the psychometric properties of the adapted scale. Settings and Design: This study was conducted in Iran during December 2020. Materials and Methods: The C19P-S was used to obtain data from 600 Iranian individuals aged 16-65 years. Statistical Analysis Used: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to evaluate the construct validity. The average variance extracted and construct reliability were used to assess the convergent validity and the maximum shared squared variance and average shared squared variance were used to assess discriminant validity. Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate the internal consistency. Results: The results of EFA indicated that Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value (0.831) approved sampling adequacy. The communality of Psy6 and factor loading of Soc5 were lower than 0.4;therefore, they were removed. The cumulative variance explained with 4 factors and 18 items was 69%. The results of the CFA indicated that the measurement model fits the data well (Goodness of Fit Index = 0.891, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.901, Comparative Fit Index = 0.920, Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.922, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.065, and χ 2 /df = 1.807), suggesting construct validity. Further, the results confirmed the convergent and discriminant validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the four dimensions ranged between 0.760 and 0.878, suggesting that the Persian C19P-S is a reliable scale. Conclusions: Persian C19P-S with 4 dimensions and 18 items is reliable and valid in measuring the COVID-19 phobia among the Iranian general population. © 2022 Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences ;Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.
ABSTRACT
The novel coronavirus that swept the world into a pandemic in 2019 has affected many aspects of health care. COVID-19 has infected about 263 million people across the globe and led to the death of 5.2 million people. Its impact on various organs is still vague and requires further research. The increase in hospital visits and administrations has accordingly increased exposure and risk of obtaining the coronavirus. Patients previously hospitalized and being treated with immunosuppressants tend to be very susceptible to serious respiratory infections from the novel virus. Amongst the diseases that require hospitalization are ulcerative colitis and appendicitis. Hospitalization from such diseases inevitably increases the risk and exposure to COVID -19 infection. This study analyzed the management and procedures taken in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Similarly, the effects of the pandemic on the pediatric ward and admitted children were also discussed and compared.
ABSTRACT
Background: Azathioprine (AZA) is a recognised treatment option for maintaining remission in IBD patients. Myelotoxicity and abnormal liver function tests may present at any stage of therapy, therefore ECCO advises practitioners to check full blood count, liver and kidney function tests at 3-monthly intervals for patients established on therapy. During the COVID-19 pandemic, UK guidance suggested reducing blood test monitoring to a minimum safe frequency to facilitate 'shielding' of vulnerable patient groups. Patients established on treatment at St Mark's Hospital for more than 12 months, on stable doses were deemed eligible for extended blood monitoring intervals of 6-monthly. The aim of this audit was to assess the impact of this extension on patient safety, by measuring outcomes against locally agreed standards. Methods: All patients on AZA were identified using the pharmacy dispensing system and patient information software for blood test results, clinic letters and notes. Outcomes for patients who had extended blood monitoring were collected retrospectively including monitoring calls to the IBD advice line and any hospital admissions associated with therapy. Subsequent blood test results were also captured. Results: A total of 92 patient records were identified and analysed. Table 1 shows the achieved compliance (%) to the audit standards compared to the target compliance (%). 54% of patients (n=50) received medication that lasted beyond the standard 12-week validity of a blood test, i.e. had extended blood monitoring. Of those 50 patients, 43 were eligible for extended blood monitoring (86%). From 50 patients with extended blood monitoring, one patient had elevated alanine aminotransferase levels which improved after a one-week treatment break. Another patient called the IBD advice line reporting nausea and abdominal cramps due to treatment and was advised to split the dose and monitor for side effects. No patients were admitted to emergency care or hospital due to deranged blood test results or adverse effects from their medication. Conclusion: Overall the findings suggest that the temporary relaxation of blood monitoring did not adversely affect patient safety. For more comprehensive results, it would be prudent to repeat the audit using a larger sample size;however the audit has established a baseline at a time of unprecedented changes in the workplace, which will be useful in guiding future practice.
ABSTRACT
Coronaviruses are detected in humans and mammals;these are big-size and single-stranded RNA viruses with nucleocapsid. SARS-CoV-2 has included four structural proteins (S, E, M, and N);between these proteins, S protein makes attaching ability in the virus. This ability causes the virus to bind to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2) and host cell membrane in targeted tissues. Currently, several mutations of SARS-CoV-2 were identified. On the other hand, these new mutations cause SARS-CoV-2 to have different variants with various severity, such as the South African variant (B.1.351) and the UK variant (B.1.1.7). Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, diverse therapeutics routes and prevention assays have been applied, following that several drugs and therapy assays have been investigated. One of the most important routes in this pandemic is the vaccine. Currently, at least in all of the world, almost 13 vaccines have been accepted with different mechanisms against COVID-19. This review explored current mRNA and non-mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and their immunogenicity, safety, and Efficacy. We substantially focused on emerging mutations, the glycoprotein of the spike, and variants of concern (VOCs). Due to recently published articles of selected data, there were no specific outcomes to distinguished and compared between complete Efficacy and safety of approved vaccines against COVID-19. However, it must be noticed that widespread vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and its different variants is necessary. This review is a novel study in the duration of the pandemic of COVID-19, and it needs additional particular studies. Hence we desire other scientists and related researchers to continue assessing this topic.
ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), sometimes referred to as an invisible killer, has changed all of our lives, including the daily practices of medical personnel and the approach to anesthesia. We must wear protective equipment and special suits, aprons, and 2 or 3 pairs of gloves. Our faces are obscured by masks and goggles and shields. We move with difficulty and have limited vision. Communication with patients is limited;they cannot see our facial expressions of smiles or concern. They only hear our voice, which may also be muffled. We look more like robots than someone demonstrating assistance, love, or compassion. We are strangers to our infected patients. When thinking about the type of anesthesia for pregnant patients who have the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), 3 factors taken into consideration ranked according to importance are the safest method for healthcare providers, ease of application, and difficulties associated with movement and vision. The patient's wishes are secondary. Have priorities changed?